A clinical study of prevalence, spectrum of respiratory distress and immediate outcome in neonates

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Original Article

Author Details : hhavi Sauparna, Niranjan Nagaraj, Pramod K. Berwal, Harish Inani, Mukesh Kanungo

Volume : 1, Issue : 4, Year : 2016

Article Page : 80-83

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Abstract

Background: Respiratory distress in neonates is one of the important clinical manifestations of a variety of disorders of the cardiopulmonary or non-cardiopulmonary origin. It is also one of the most common causes of admission in NICU within 48-72 hours. This study aims to know the prevalence and spectrum of respiratory distress in neonates. To estimate the outcome of respiratory distress in neonates admitted in NICU.
Material & Methods: This retrospective study conducted at pediatric hospital NICU, Bikaner from May 2016 to July 2016. Data from case files of neonates with respiratory distress admitted to NICU over three months period were extracted and total number of neonates admitted in NICU data extracted from hospital register book.
Results: Prevalence of respiratory distress in admitted neonates was 29.6%. Most common cause for respiratory distress was sepsis (pneumonia) 38.9% followed by respiratory distress syndrome (23%), meconium aspiration syndrome (20.5%), transient tachypnea of newborn (10%), congenital heart disease (6%), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1%) and pulmonary hemorrhage (1%). In our study prevalence of mortality in respiratory distress neonate was 41% (82), of these most common cause of mortality was sepsis followed by respiratory distress syndrome.
Conclusions: Respiratory distress in neonates is the most commonly encountered problem in NICU. Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent the mortality. Our study strongly recommends following simple steps like hand washing, breastfeeding and antenatal steroid therapy which will prevent respiratory distress in neonates. Early recognition and treatment of the common neonatal respiratory diseases will decrease both short- and long-term complications and related mortality of at-risk infants.

Keywords: Neonates; NICU; Respiratory Distress; Sepsis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome

How to cite : Sauparna H, Nagaraj N, Berwal P K, Inani H, Kanungo M, A clinical study of prevalence, spectrum of respiratory distress and immediate outcome in neonates. IP Indian J Immunol Respir Med 2016;1(4):80-83

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